Spanish property taxes are a central consideration for foreign buyers in Costa Blanca. Every purchase, every year of ownership, and every eventual sale generates obligations under Spanish tax law. These obligations vary by property type, residency status, and regional legislation in the Valencian Community. This guide explains the main taxes, how they apply, and what foreign buyers should prepare for.
Taxes When Buying Property in Spain
The first layer of Spanish property taxes appears at the point of purchase. Whether a property is new build or resale determines which taxes apply.
Resale property attracts Impuesto de Transmisiones Patrimoniales (ITP). This is a transfer tax paid on the declared purchase price. In the Valencian Community, rates are generally ten percent but can adjust depending on buyer category and property type.
New build property attracts two taxes. The first is IVA, Spain’s value-added tax. IVA is applied at ten percent for residential property and twenty-one percent for plots of land or commercial real estate. The second is AJD, Actos Jurídicos Documentados, or stamp duty. AJD applies at one and a half percent of the price in the Valencian region.
These taxes are paid at the time of purchase and form part of the upfront costs.
Annual Ownership Taxes for Non-Residents
Ownership of Spanish property triggers recurring annual taxes.
IBI (Impuesto sobre Bienes Inmuebles) is the municipal property tax charged by the local council. It is calculated on the cadastral value rather than the purchase price. Rates vary by municipality and are collected yearly.
Basura is the waste collection fee, charged separately by local councils. Though smaller in amount, it is mandatory and usually billed annually or semi-annually.
IRNR (Impuesto sobre la Renta de No Residentes) applies to foreign owners who do not reside in Spain. If the property is not rented out, the law assumes an imputed income based on cadastral value and taxes it at a flat rate. EU and EEA residents face a nineteen percent rate, while non-EU residents pay twenty-four percent.
Understanding these annual obligations is part of the ownership process explained in our property due diligence process in Costa Blanca article.
Taxes on Rental Income
Any income earned from renting out property in Spain falls under IRNR.
Foreign owners who rent their properties must declare gross rental income under IRNR. EU and EEA residents can deduct expenses such as repairs, insurance, community fees, and mortgage interest. Non-EU residents cannot deduct expenses and are taxed on gross income.
The declaration is quarterly, and failure to comply can lead to fines. Holiday rentals are subject to the same tax rules as long-term lets. The distinction lies in licensing and compliance, which we cover in our tourist rental laws in Spain 2025 guide.
Taxes When Selling Property in Spain
Selling property in Spain generates three layers of taxation.
Capital Gains Tax applies to the profit made between the purchase price and the sale price, adjusted for allowable costs. The tax is progressive: nineteen percent up to €6,000, twenty-one percent between €6,000 and €50,000, and twenty-three percent above €50,000.
Withholding Tax (Retención) requires non-resident sellers to have three percent of the declared sale price withheld by the buyer. This is paid directly to the tax authorities and later adjusted against the seller’s actual capital gains liability.
Plusvalía Municipal is a local tax based on the increase in land value since the last transfer. The calculation depends on cadastral land value and years of ownership.
Wealth Tax and Other Considerations
Beyond purchase and sale, property ownership may also trigger Wealth Tax. In the Valencian Community, exemptions apply to the first €500,000 for individuals, with progressive rates thereafter. Couples buying together may benefit from combined allowances.
Foreign buyers also consider inheritance tax, since property forms part of the estate. The Valencian Community provides allowances for spouses and descendants, though planning remains essential.
Practical Steps for Foreign Buyers
Managing Spanish property taxes becomes straightforward with preparation.
- Obtain an NIE number before purchase, since all taxes are tied to this identification.
- Use a gestoría or lawyer to file annual tax declarations and maintain compliance.
- Set up direct debit payments for IBI and basura with the local council.
- Keep records of expenses and income for accurate reporting.
The sequence of payments and registrations forms part of the step-by-step property buying process in Spain.
Glossary of Key Tax Terms
Several recurring terms define Spanish property taxation:
- ITP – Transfer tax on resale property.
- IVA – VAT applied to new builds.
- AJD – Stamp duty on new property transactions.
- IBI – Annual municipal property tax.
- IRNR – Non-resident income tax on rentals or imputed income.
- Plusvalía – Local tax on increase in land value.
- Retención – Three percent withholding on sales by non-residents.
Full definitions are available in our glossary of Spanish real estate terms.
Closing Notes
Spanish property taxes are predictable when understood correctly. Purchase taxes, annual ownership costs, and eventual sale liabilities form part of the complete picture of property ownership. Buyers who prepare for these obligations avoid unexpected costs and maintain full compliance. Villas al Sol, API nº 1197 and RAICV 0122, provides structured guidance to international buyers throughout the process.
